This Guide was prepared by

 

 

Marian Weston

Reference Librarian

Adjunct Assistant Professor

Gladys Marcus Library

 

 

 

 

october 2006

 

 

 

 

 

Use this Guide with its companion:

 

Writing the Research Paper: A Guide for Students

Prepared by Barbara Janoff

September 2004

 http://www3.fitnyc.edu/writingresources/resources.htm

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Introduction
Using the FIT Library
	Reference Desk (4th floor, 212-217-4400)
	Library Web Page:  http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library
	Computers and Printing, Photocopying, and Scanning
	Getting Started with Research
	How to Find Books, Audio/Visual Materials, & Other Resources
		StyleCat, the Library’s Online Catalog
			StyleCat Searching
			Understanding StyleCat Search Results, Records, & Holdings
	How to Find Magazine / Newspaper Articles & Information from Electronic Databases
		Digital Library
		Searching Periodical and Newspaper Indexes
		Understanding Citations
Using Other Libraries
	Public Libraries
	New York Public Libraries:  Research Libraries
	New York Public Libraries:  Local Branch Libraries
	Other Libraries in NYC & Elsewhere
Using the Internet
Documenting Sources
	Documenting Sources within the Body of the Paper
	Documenting Sources in a “List of Works Consulted”
	Citation Examples for Different Formats (using MLA style):
		Books and Reports
		Periodical and Newspaper Articles
		Interviews and Other Sources
		Electronic Sources
	Style Manuals
Works Consulted for this Guide
Special Notes and Charts:
	Truncation and Wildcards
	Boolean Operators
	Primary Source/Secondary Source
	Call numbers
	Difference between Scholarly Journal, Magazine, and Trade Journal

 

 

USING THE FIT LIBRARY

The Gladys Marcus Library at FIT occupies the 4th, 5th, and 6th floors of the Shirley Goodman Resource Center (E Building).  The entrance is on the 5th floor.

 

REFERENCE DESK (4th floor, 212-217-4400)  http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/departments/reference.htm

Librarians are always available to assist you at the Reference Desk on the 4th floor.  Come in person with your research questions, call the Reference Desk at 212-217-4400, or send your questions by email, using our new Ask a Librarian email reference service.  Librarians will help you in finding the materials you need and give you guidance for your research project.  They will also assist you in the use of reference tools, such as the online catalog (StyleCat), the Digital Library resources and databases, periodical indexes, reference books and the Internet.  In addition, you can get a floor-by-floor Library directory (FIT Library Information Bulletin #1), a current list of hours, and many resource guide sheets (e.g., Information Bulletins: Business Reference Sources, Information on Fashion and Costume Designers & Internet Guides:  Image Searching and Image Collections on the Web, Business Resources on the Web) at the Reference Desk. These Library publications, as well as many others, are available on the Library web page.  For more information on how to contact the Reference Desk in person, by phone, or by email, check the Ask a Librarian web page at http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/forms/ref_request/ask_librarian.htm.

 

LIBRARY WEB PAGE: http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library

The FIT Library web page is your access point to the FIT Library.  Here you can find descriptions of Library services and departments, information about the Library, such as Library hours and policies, and research guides, including Library Information Bulletins, Internet Guides, and Bibliographies, and more. In the Research Guides section, the following specific guides listed under “Research Tips” are useful for most research projects: Writing the Research Paper: A Guide for Students, Start here: How do I pick the right library materials for my research?, Searching and Evaluating Internet Resources, and Documenting Information: Formats for Bibliography and Footnotes.  The Library web page is frequently updated.  Links are available on the Library web page to StyleCat, the Library’s online catalog, and the Digital Library, both described below.

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COMPUTERS and PRINTING, PHOTOCOPYING, and SCANNING
Computers:
The Library has computer workstations on all three floors. Many computer workstations are designated for locating and using information from the Internet, CD-ROMs, and other specialized resources to which the Library subscribes. Many have links to the Digital Library (FIT’s subscription databases list), including StyleCat, the Library’s online catalog.  Uses of StyleCat and the Digital Library are described below. Open computer labs, PC (Room E601) and Macintosh (Room E509 and, with special programs, the 5th Floor Open Area Lab), are available for Internet searching, word processing using Microsoft Office Suite, and more.
►NOTES:
	You must log-on with your FIT username and password to use most computers in the Library.  For information and questions regarding your username and password, check the FIT IT department web page at http://www3.fitnyc.edu/it or call 212-217-HELP.
	Be sure to log-off when you are done or others will have access to your account.
	Personal software may not be loaded onto the Library's computers.
	A wireless connection for personal computer equipment is available on all three Library floors.
	ADA compliant computer workstations are available.
For a full description of the Library’s computer facilities and available computer programs, see the “Computers in the Library” section on the Library web page.
Printing, Scanning, DVD/CD burning:
	Black & white and color networked printing are available from most computers.  There are charges for printing.  For information on printing fees, procedures, tips and more, consult the FIT IT Student Printing web page.
	Additional printing services are available in the Library's GraphicsLAB PRINTFX, a state-of-the-art digital service bureau, Room D-529-A.
	Scanner use is free.  Users must supply digital storage media (e.g. USB flash drive/memory stick).
	DVD and CD burning are free .  Users must supply DVDs and CDs.
Photocopying:
Photocopy machines, including color copiers, are available on all three floors in the Library. All machines are self-service (with instructions posted) and require copy cards to operate. Copy cards are available for purchase from dispensing machines on each floor of the library. You will need a single dollar bill to purchase a copy card initially.  Change is not available in the Library.  Cards are reusable. For more information on photocopying, consult the Library Copier Services web page.
► TIP:  Record on the back of each photocopy you make the title, author, and page number of the original item you are copying for your research. This will make it easier for you to document your sources later on in the research process and to find the items you used again if necessary.

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GETTING STARTED WITH RESEARCH
Here are some important tips to remember when you start your research:
	ü	Speak to a Reference Librarian at any point during your research if you need help.  Contact a librarian at the 4th floor Reference Desk in the Library, by calling 212-217-4400, or by sending your questions by email, using our new Ask a Librarian email reference service http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/forms/ref_request/ask_librarian.htm.
	ü	Read carefully any written instructions you have been given for your research paper.
	ü	Try to determine in advance what type of information you need:  Statistics?  Industry or company profile?  Consumer trends?  History?  Pictures?  Biographical information?  Are you looking for historical or current information?  Do you need several points of view on a single topic?
	ü	Think about what keywords or phrases best describe your topic.  Be flexible in your use of terminology.  Think of ways to express your topic using synonyms (e.g. cars/automobiles, capital punishment/death penalty, trends/fashion forecasting) or broader, narrower and related terms (umbrellas/accessories, contractors/private label manufacturers, flats/fashion illustration/fashion drawing).  Consult a general dictionary or thesaurus, a subject-specific dictionary or thesaurus, the Library’s subject heading lists (available on the Library web page or in print at the Reference Desk) or, of course, a Reference Librarian.
	ü	Be sure to spell your terms correctly.  Most databases do NOT correct misspelled or mistyped words and will give you a misleading result for your search, often finding “0” hits.  Go back and check your spelling.  Consult a dictionary or a librarian for help.
	ü	Also be aware that using the singular or plural form of a term can give you different results in an online search.  Use a truncation symbol (a symbol that can be used at the end of a word to retrieve variant spellings).  See below for details on truncation, wildcards, and Boolean operators.
	ü	Look for an overview of your topic in a reference book, such as a subject-specific encyclopedia or handbook.
	ü	Always keep track of your research.  Make a list of the resources you use from the very start and remember to add each new source consulted to your list.  Having this information will allow you to refer back to an item you used previously as well as help you easily compile your List of Works Consulted near the end of the research process.

  

HOW TO FIND BOOKS, AUDIO/VISUAL MATERIALS, & OTHER RESOURCES:
STYLECAT, THE LIBRARY’S ONLINE CATALOG
Books, videos, DVDs, slides, magazines/serial titles (not the articles themselves), electronic resources, picture files, and other non-print materials owned by the FIT Library are listed in StyleCat, the Library's online public access catalog.  StyleCat is available on computers in the Library and remotely through the Library web page at http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library.
► TIPS:
	StyleCat is the name of the Library’s catalog, which is produced by the Ex Libris Company using ALEPH software.  Do not be concerned if you see these names when you are using one of the advanced features of StyleCat.
	Online Help, providing additional instructions to those below, is available on most StyleCat screens.

 

STYLECAT SEARCHING:

You can search StyleCat by entering your search word or words, selecting a field or index, applying limits (if available and desired), and clicking on the Go button.  StyleCat has two search pages: Basic Search and Advanced Search.

 

BASIC SEARCH

 

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The Basic Search page offers two types of basic searches, the Basic Keyword Search and the Basic Browse Search. This is the default screen that appears when you enter StyleCat.

 

Basic Keyword Search:

 

The Basic Keyword Search enables you to find records by entering words, phrases, or identifying numbers.  The search looks for the word or phrase anywhere in the field that you select to search. You can indicate whether the words you have entered need to be next to each other or not.  If you do not require the words be next to each other, the exact order of the search terms is not important. Be careful when using punctuation; you may get differing results by including or excluding a punctuation symbol. 

 

Some fields available to search using Basic Keyword Search include:

 

All Fields        Locates a word or words appearing anywhere in the record, including author, title, publisher, contents notes, and subject headings. 

                        ►TIP:  This is the default option; use if you are not sure which field to choose.

Author             Use for individual name and for corporate or organization names as authors.

►TIP:  For information ABOUT a specific author or person, search in the Subject field.

Title                Searches for words in the title, subtitle, and contents notes.

Series              Searches for words in the series title. (e.g., American Popular Culture through History)

Subject            Searches for words in the assigned subject heading or headings.

                        ►TIP:  If you get no results in a subject search, try an "All Fields" search.

Publisher         Use for name of publisher and/or city of publication

Year                Searches for the year of publication.

ISBN               Searches for the ISBN [number] assigned to a book.

 

►TIP: Use a Keyword Search if you don’t know the exact title, author, or subject that you need.

 

 

Truncation and Wildcards:

 

► NOTE:  You can use truncation and wildcard symbols as well as Boolean operators to improve your searches on many databases. For details on using Boolean operators, see the StyleCat Advanced Search section below.

• There are many truncation and wildcard symbols that can be used in both Basic and Advanced Keyword Searches in StyleCat. 

• To retrieve more records, use a truncation symbol: a symbol that can be used at the end or beginning of a word to retrieve variant spellings, related forms of words, singular and plural forms of words, or to help if you are not sure of the spelling of a word or name. Although there is no universal truncation symbol, the asterisk (*) and the question mark (?) are commonly used.  Try typing an asterisk (*) or question mark (?) at the point where endings or beginnings of the word would vary.  For example, communicat? retrieves all the item records that have words beginning with “communicat” in the field being searched, such as communicate, communication, communications, and communicating;  ital* retrieves Italian and Italy as well as italics.

• Be careful not to truncate with too short a root.  For example, comm? retrieves all the above communication results, but also retrieves commandments, commercial, communism, communes, etc.  Use communicat? instead.  With searches that require short roots, use Boolean operators as an alternative.  For example, to find information on cats, instead of trying cat?, which will give too many unwanted results,  type in cat OR cats.

• You can also truncate the beginning of a word.  For example, ?ology retrieves all records that have words ending with “ology” in the field being searched, such as anthropology, ecology, psychology, and technology. 

• Be aware that even a simple thing such as using the singular or plural form of a term can give you different results in an online search.  Use a truncation symbol or Boolean operators to get the most complete results.

• Another way to retrieve more records is to use a wildcard symbol (a symbol that stands in for one or more characters within a word). For example, use the either * or ? symbols as the wildcard as in the search encyclop?dia which retrieves encyclopedia or encyclopaedia.

• Use the number symbol (#) as a wildcard for one character that may or may not be present.  This is useful for variant spellings.  For example, colo#r finds both color and colour.

• Use the exclamation point (!) as a wildcard for a single character that must be present.  For example, wom!n retrieves woman and women.

• To determine the truncation and wildcard symbols in other databases or for an Internet search engine you are using, check online Help or ask a Reference Librarian. 

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Basic Browse Search:

 

The Basic Browse Search enables you to find records by creating an alphabetical or numerical list beginning with the word, phrase, or identifying number that you enter.  Think of browsing through a list like using the white pages of the phone book.  In a Browse Search, phrases must be entered in the correct order, beginning with the first word. The text that you enter appears as the second choice in a scrollable alphabetic or numerical list.  For example, if you enter Great Gatsby in a title browse search, you get an alphabetical list (see image below) beginning with The great gardens of England, then, second on the list, Great Gatsby, followed by several listing for editions of the Great Gatsby, including an audio cassette and a video, then Great Georgian houses of America, Great German short novels and stories, etc. The list indicates the number of records for each entry.  You can click on the underlined entry to see the associated records for that entry. 

 

 

Some fields available to search using Browse Search include:
 

Title	Start with the first word of title; you do not need to include the entire title.  Omit the first article: A, An, The, etc.
Author	last name first name (Capitalization & punctuation are not necessary.)
	►TIP:  For information ABOUT a specific author or person, search the Subject field.
Series	Start with first word of series.  Omit the first article. (e.g., Opposing Viewpoints)
Subject	Searches for exact assigned subject heading or headings.
	►TIP:    If you are not sure of the exact subject heading or you get no results, try the same search in a Basic Keyword or Advanced Search.
Document type	Searches for records by type, e.g. video, serials, thesis, computer software, etc. ►TIP:   See the Advanced Search screen for a drop-down list of document types.
Call number        on Item	Use to locate records from the call number.  If you have a call number but forgot to write the location, author, and title, you can try to find the missing information with this search.

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ADVANCED SEARCH

 

 

Advanced Search:

 

Using Advanced Search allows you to narrow or enlarge your search using Boolean operators and/or a variety of limits in combination and, thereby, focuses your search more precisely.  Advanced Search is actually another Keyword search, enabling you to find records by entering keywords, phrases, or identifying numbers. As in the Basic Keyword search described above, the Advanced Search looks for the keyword or phrase anywhere in the field or fields that you select to search. The exact order of the search terms is not important. Be careful when using punctuation; you may get differing results by including or excluding a punctuation symbol. You can combine search terms and use more than one field to search by using the Boolean operators: AND, OR, NOT (see below).  You can also use truncation and wildcard symbols; see details in the Basic Keyword Search section above.

 

In an Advanced Search, you can also limit your search by Language, Year (of publication), Format, Collection (in the Library), or Document Type. Select limits from the offered drop-down menus. For example, if you need to find videos on marketing, type in marketing, select subject as the field to be searched, and select the limit of DVD, Video under Format. The Results List for this search includes over 50 titles.  In another example, “Limit by Collection” allows you to search for results limited to a specific Library collection, such as books in Art Reference or items in Special Collections or books in the Main Stacks (most books in the Main Stacks can be checked out of the Library).  

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Boolean Operators:

 

With Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) you can combine your search terms to narrow or broaden your results.

 

AND narrows your search because it requires that all of your search terms must appear.  AND is the

   default operator.  For example:

retail AND england retrieves all records that have both search terms in the selected fields.

steinbeck (with author field selected) AND grapes (with title field selected) finds John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OR broadens your search to include either of the terms.  For example:

stores OR retail retrieves all records that have either of the search terms in the selected fields.

                                                                                   

                                                                               
 

 NOT narrows your search because it excludes terms from the search.

stores NOT discount retrieves all records that have the word stores but not the word discount in the selected fields.

                                                                                

                                                                               

► NOTES:

• You can also use Boolean operators in the Basic Keyword Search by typing a Boolean operator between your terms (e.g., stores OR retail). 

• Boolean operators can be used in combination with truncation and wildcard symbols. 

• You can use Boolean operators with parentheses in a search technique called nesting, using parentheses to “nest” terms and clarify their relationship to each other.  For example, a search for 'French fashion' can be typed into a basic Keyword Search as follows:  (costume or fashion) and (french or france).  The search looks for all of the following combinations:  French fashion, French costume, fashion France, and costume France, giving you a very comprehensive set of results.

• Boolean operators can be used in most databases and Internet searching.  Consult online Help of the database or Internet search engine you are using for details or speak to a Reference Librarian.

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Primary Source / Secondary Source:

 

Sometimes your instructor will ask you to look for a primary or secondary source for your research.  Do you know the difference?

 

SOURCE TYPE	DEFINITION	EXAMPLES
Primary	• First-hand document, data, or other material • Often written or produced by a participant or witness to an event during the time period of the event or subject	Diaries, letters, autobiographies Legal/government records or documents (e.g. The Declaration of Independence) Interviews, oral histories, speeches Poems, novels, sheet music Works of art, photographs Original research (such as store or site visit reports) and survey data & results Census and other statistics
Secondary	• Analysis, interpretation, or restatement of primary sources • One step or more removed from the event or subject	Encyclopedias, dictionaries, biographies Textbooks, handbooks Commentaries, histories Works of literary/art/music criticism Works analyzing and interpreting research and survey data & results Works interpreting census and other statistics

 

►  TIPS: 

• Sometimes it is difficult to tell the difference between primary and secondary sources.  For example, a book or newspaper article about the Civil War is usually a secondary source; if it was written in the 1860’s, during the Civil War, however, it may be a primary source.
• Remember that the medium delivering the information (print, the Internet, CD-ROM, etc.) does not necessarily determine whether a source is primary or secondary.  You still have to look at the characteristics of the item itself.
• For information on doing primary research, such as conducting a personal interview, see the pamphlet Writing the Research Paper: A Guide for Students. (available in print and online at http://www3.fitnyc.edu/writingresources/resources.htm).

 

  

 UNDERSTANDING STYLECAT SEARCH RESULTS, RECORDS, & HOLDINGS:

 

RESULTS LIST

(for a Basic Keyword search of “fashion merchandising” as subject)

 

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The Results List is the list of records which is displayed as a result of a search request in a Basic Keyword or Advanced Search or as a result of clicking on an underlined entry in a Browse List created by a Basic Browse Search.  The Results List gives you brief information about the items retrieved, including author (if indicated), title, year of publication, collection, call number, and an 'Is it here?' link.
► TIPS:
		The Results List can be sorted by Author, Title, or Year of publication.
		►NOTE that by using the 'Is it here?' link, you can see the holdings of ALL copies of the item owned by the Library; in contrast, the Results List only displays information for one copy no matter how many copies the Library actually owns. By following the 'Is it here?' link, you open the Holdings page for an item, displaying the collection/call number, loan status and due date for each copy of the item.
		You can select all or some Results List records by clicking on “Select All” or by checking the box next to the record number; then view those selected immediately by clicking on “View Selected” or use “Create Subset” or add them to your Basket to view later by clicking on “Add to Basket.”
		The Basket option allows you to create a personal list of selected records combined from different searches.
			Add records to your Basket by selecting the record/s and clicking on “Add to Basket.”
			See the contents of your Basket by clicking on “View Basket.”  Records in your Basket can be edited to delete those you no longer need.
			By clicking on “Save/Mail” you can also email records to any email address or save them to a disk; all records in your Basket will be emailed or saved.  To save or email, on the Save/Mail page:
				Click to apply a check mark in the box, indicating you want to save or email your Basket contents.  If you forget to check this box, a note indicating “You must select an option” will appear near the top of the screen.  Your records have not been sent until the box is checked.  Note that the box may not be available on your Save/Mail screen.  In that case, proceed to the next step.
				Select desired documents format:  “Opac format” for the most complete information, including locations, call number, and subject headings; “Citation” or “Card format” for brief citation information.
				Indicate subject and name, if desired.
				Add complete email address, if you want to email the Basket contents.  Leave this box blank if you want to save.
				Add text to be sent with the Basket contents, if desired.
				Click on Go.
				If your email request was sent, a note indicating “Record/s sent” will appear near the top of the screen.
				If you are saving the Basket contents, click on “Save selected.”  Then choose Save and indicate where you want to send the file, renaming the file if desired.
			You can also print the Basket contents.
			Records remain in your Basket until you delete them or exit StyleCat.

 

To see a complete bibliographic record, including publication information, subject headings and more, for an individual item, select the title link to the item from the Results List.  This opens the Full View of Record page for that item.  For example, a Basic Keyword Search of the phrase fashion merchandising as a subject produces a Results List of over one hundred seventy items. A section of this Results List can be seen above.  The sample full record view below is selected from this list.

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FULL VIEW OF RECORD

 

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► TIPS:

• The Full View of Record page includes information that you need for your List of Works Consulted and, therefore, can be used to help you compile your List.  See section on Documenting Sources below.

• You can add an item to your Basket, or save, email, or print, from the Full View of Record.  See page above for information on using the Basket option and on saving and emailing record/s.  

• You can expand your search to find more materials on related subjects or additional works by the same authors by using the active links from the Full View of Record page. Active links are underlined. In the example above, you can click on the author Frings, Gini Stephens or the subject headings  Fashion and Clothing trade to find more.

• The Full View of Record also includes links to check for other copies with 'Is it here? Click to see all copies and locations for this title' on the Holdings page. 

 

ð REMEMBER: The 'Is it here?' link opens the Holdings screen which displays the complete holdings of all copies of the item owned by the Library, with the collection/call number, loan status and due date for each copy.  In contrast, the Full View of Record page displays the collection/call number for each copy (Occasionally, however, not all copies are listed.); it does not always include the loan status and does not include the availability/due dates.  The Holdings Screen for Fashion : from Concept to Consumer is shown below.

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HOLDINGS SCREEN

 

 

When you find books, non-print materials, or other items that you need in StyleCat, write down the title, author (if any), collection, and complete call number.  This information will help you find the item on the shelf or request it at the Circulation Desk, the Reference Desk, or the Periodicals Desk. 

 

In the example above, the Holdings Screen shows:

• There are three copies available, each in a different location: copy one has the collection/call number of 5th floor Circulation Desk Reserves TT518 .F74 2005, copy two is  4^th floor Reference Desk Section_A TT518 .F74 2005 and copy three is 5^th floor Main Stacks TT518 .F74 2005.  

• The Loan status for copy one is Reserve 2 hour, indicating the book can be borrowed for use in the Library for 2 hours at a time; copy two has a Loan status of  Library Use and, therefore, this copy cannot be borrowed or checked out of the Library; copy three, however, has a Loan status of Regular Loan, indicating that this book circulates and can be borrowed to take home. The Due date of Available indicates that these books are not currently checked out.  To borrow copy three, you can find the book on the shelves on the 5^th floor, bring it with your currently valid FIT ID card to the Circulation Desk (also on the 5^th floor), and check it out of the Library.  Or, if you prefer to work in the Library, you can request either the copy of the book at the Reference Desk or at the Circulation Desk by bringing the required information to the Desk along with your currently valid FIT ID card.

 

► TIPS:
 

• Library materials with a Loan status of “Library Use” cannot be borrowed or checked out of the Library.  If the item you want to borrow is “Library Use” only, try one of these alternatives:  

o       Check StyleCat for another copy or edition of the item in a circulating collection.

o       Photocopy or scan the section of the item that you need.

o       Try to locate the item in a circulating public library collection (see below).

• If you cannot find an item on the shelf where it should be located, first try looking on nearby shelves, book carts, tables, or by the photocopy machines; another Library user may have inadvertently re-shelved the item incorrectly or left it where it was last used.  If you do not locate the item, you can report it to the service desk on the floor where the item should be: Reference Desk on the 4^th floor, Circulation Desk on the 5^th floor, Periodicals Desk on the 6^th floor.  A Library staff member will do a search to ascertain the status of the material and will contact you if the item is found.  Searches may take several days to complete.

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Call numbers:

 

► NOTE:  Do you know what a call number is?

Like most U.S. academic libraries, the FIT Library catalogs materials using the Library of Congress classification system (rather than the Dewey Decimal system used by school and public libraries). The complete call number given for an item, a combination of letters and numbers (e.g., PS 3525 .I96 G6) indicates that specific item.  In general, items are shelved in call number order.  Since call numbers are assigned by subject, books on related topics often have similar call numbers and may be shelved near each other.  For example, call numbers often start with GT 596 for the subject of 20^th century fashion; TT509 for fashion illustration, etc.  A call number starting with the letter N is on an art topic with the more specific NA for architecture, ND for painting, etc. 

 

u  ADDITIONAL NOTE:  Items in the FIT Library are organized in various collections.  Although criteria for inclusion in a collection vary, there are some helpful guides.  Here are some examples:  Reference Stacks includes dictionaries, encyclopedias, handbooks, bibliographies, and other reference sources.  The Art Reference collection has many heavily illustrated books and subject strength in art, fashion, interior design, textiles, and photography.  The Main Stacks consists mostly of circulating books on all subjects.  Items on course reserve, most non-print material (videos, DVDs, etc.), and picture files are in the Circulation Desk collection. 

 

ð  REMEMBER:  You can limit your search of StyleCat to a specific collection when you use Advanced Search.

 

Other TIPS for using StyleCat for research:
	ü	You can print from StyleCat using the browser’s print options.
	ü	For an overview of any topic, use StyleCat to find reference books such as subject-specific encyclopedias, dictionaries, or handbooks. Using the Basic Keyword Search, select “subject” as the field to search and type in a subject term or terms with the word dictionaries, encyclopedias, or handbooks (for example, “marketing dictionaries” or “art handbooks”).
	ü	You can also find a bibliography on your topic and use the suggested resources on the bibliography to start your research.  A bibliography is a list of books, journal articles, and other materials on a specific topic. [Your List of Works Consulted is actually a brief bibliography.]  To find a bibliography in StyleCat, use Basic Keyword Search, selecting “subject” as the field to search and typing in the subject term with the word bibliography (for example, “costume bibliography” or “marketing bibliography”).  You can also check if a bibliography is included in a book that you have found to be useful on your topic.  In either case, you will have to check StyleCat to find out if the FIT Library owns the items listed in the bibliography.
	ü	Some of the following books can be used to look up unfamiliar terms and concepts, to help clarify your thinking about your topic, and to check your spelling as you write and proofread your paper. In the Reference Stacks on the 4th floor of the Library, consult:
				HF 1001-1002	Dictionaries of business terms and concepts
				LB 2369 .G53	MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers
				N 31-34	Encyclopedias and dictionaries of art
				PE 1591	Thesauruses and synonym dictionaries
				PE 1625-1628	English language dictionaries
				PN 6080-6084	Dictionaries of quotations
		You can also look for similar reference tools available online by using web sites such as The Internet Public Library or the Librarians’ Index to the Internet.
	ü	Ask the Reference Librarian for assistance in choosing subject headings.  You can also consult the Library's Subject Headings lists, covering topics such as business, apparel industry, art history, costume & fashion, textiles, interior design, and more.  These lists are available on the Research Guides section of the Library web page as well as in print at the Reference Desk.
	ü	The FIT Library subscribes to netLibrary eBooks, a database collection of over 4600 electronic books. Also known as e-books, these are full-text books available online.  Records for these books are included in StyleCat and may show up in your StyleCat search results.  The collection and call number for an e-book is always “Electronic Book.”  To retrieve the e-book, select the link under Web Link on the Full View of Record page.  To actually “check-out” the book for a maximum of 24 hours, you have to create an account on the netLibrary eBooks if you do not already have one.  To create an account, go to the FIT Library's Digital Library and select netLibrary eBooks.  Select “Create a Free Account” and register.  Once you have an account, you can go to netLibrary eBooks from any computer with Internet access, log in to your account, check out an e-book, and read it full-text online.  You may also search the netLibrary eBooks database directly at http://www.netlibrary.com/ by logging in to your account.
	ü	There are additional art & design resources that are unique to the FIT Library and can be found by searching StyleCat.  For example:
		·	Picture Files (5th floor, Circulation Desk) – Pictures of a variety of subjects (e.g. Birds, Clowns, Fruit, etc.) and including art works and design.  You may borrow pictures.
		·	Designer Files (6th floor, Periodicals)– Clippings of representative pictures of fashion designers work, with biographical information.
		·	Fashion Files (6th floor, Periodicals)– Clippings on fashion subjects, e.g. Bridalwear, Lingerie,  Music & Fashion, Ruffles & Flounces, etc.
		·	Interior Design Resource Collection (5th floor)– Professional-level literature collection with manufacturer catalogs and product samples.
		·	Designer “Look Books” of fashion photographs (6th floor, Periodicals)
		·	Special Collections (4th floor) – Archival materials, including original fashion illustrations and sketches, fashion magazines from 1806 to 1940, oral histories, and more.

 

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► TIP:  Some resources in the FIT Library are not found in StyleCat.  For example, the Library subscribes to several print Forecast and Trend Services (6^th floor, Periodicals), such as Here & There, Doneger Creative Services, Home Works, Style Sight, Peclers Paris, etc.  These services provide books and/or CD-ROMs with trends and forecasts for color, material/fabric, design, silhouette, etc. for women’s wear, men’s wear, youth fashion, and home furnishings.  Lists are available, in print and online, indicating which specific issues are most useful for topics such as eveningwear, accessories, swimwear, etc.  Forecast/trend books of the most recent 3 seasons are restricted to use by currently enrolled FIT students who must show a currently valid FIT ID card.  No photocopying or scanning is allowed. The Library also subscribes to many forecasting magazines as well as three online forecast databases, available through Digital Library (see below).  For more information, consult the section on Forecasting Services through the Library web page or speak to a Reference Librarian.

 

To find out about other Library resources not listed in StyleCat and for help using StyleCat or finding appropriate resources for your projects, consult a Reference Librarian (4^th floor Reference Desk,  212-217-4400, or email http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/forms/ref_request/ask_librarian.htm).

 

 

HOW TO FIND MAGAZINE & NEWSPAPER ARTICLES AND INFORMATION FROM ELECTRONIC DATABASES:

 

If you did not find any or enough information in books, or you need additional or more current information on your topic, search periodical and newspaper indexes for articles that have appeared in magazines or newspapers. Some indexes are in book form, some are on microfilm or fiche, some are on CD-ROM, and some are available online.

 

Once you learn how to search and read citations in one of these resources, you will find others easier to use.

 

DIGITAL LIBRARY 

 

The Digital Library is the FIT Library’s collection of subscription electronic databases, both those on the Internet as well as those on CD-ROM.  The Digital Library is available on computers in the Library and remotely through the Library web page at http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/digital_library/diglib_web.htm. 

► NOTE: The use of these databases remotely is restricted to current FIT students only; username and password are required.  For information and questions regarding your username and password, check the FIT IT department web page at http://www3.fitnyc.edu/it or call 212-217-HELP. Although several databases on the Digital Library are available for use only in the Library itself (e.g., all CD-ROM databases), most are available remotely.  

 

There is a great variety of databases on the Digital Library, including many specialized in specific subject areas.  Some databases are full-text online reference sources, image and/or photograph sources, e-books collections, and more.  Among Digital Library databases are many periodical and newspaper index databases.  To select which databases are best for your research, consult the Digital Library list, using the What’s this? links for descriptions of individual databases. 

 

Digital Library databases are organized in sections based on the type of information provided:  Articles & Essays from Newspapers & Magazines (subdivided by subject area); Books, Videos, DVDs, Auction House Catalogs . . . (including StyleCat); Encyclopedias, Almanacs, Dictionaries, & Directories; Forecasting Services; Image Collections (including fashion videos); Marketing Research Sources; and International Trade: Statistics, Reports.  You can start with a database that includes many subject areas, such as many listed in the General & Multiple Topics subsection of Articles & Essays from Newspapers & Magazines, or you can try one of those listed in the section relating to your research topic.  

 

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► NOTE:  If you cannot find what you need in one database or index, try another one.  You may need to consult several to find the information you need.  For help, speak to a Reference Librarian (4^th floor Reference Desk, 212-217-4400, or email http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/forms/ref_request/ask_librarian.htm). 

 

Periodical Indexes: Online:

 

Some online periodical and newspaper indexes include full text of some, most, or all articles, along with a citation (title of article, author, name of magazine/newspaper, date, page number, etc.) to each article; other indexes have an abstract or summary of the articles with the citations; and still others have only citations to articles.

 

► TIP:  Using databases that provide the full text of articles online saves you the need to retrieve the magazines or newspapers themselves.  Online full text, however, may not include the pictures, illustrations, and charts that accompany the article in the print version.

 

Some suggested online periodical and newspaper index databases on Digital Library:

 

For most topics, you can start with these databases:

 

	·	General OneFile (some full text)
	·	Expanded Academic ASAP (some full text)
	·	Gale Cross Searchable Databases [PowerSearch] (some full text) Allows you to search multiple databases at the same time; includes the 2 databases above as well as Custom Newspapers (below) , New York State Newspapers, General Business File ASAP, and more.
	·	Academic Search Premier (some full text)
	·	MasterFILE Premier (some full text)
	·	Custom Newspapers (some full text)  Includes: The New York Times (full text; articles from 1995 to current), through New York State Newspapers, & other newspapers.  For earlier articles in the New York Times, use The Historical New York Times (full text; articles from 1851 to 2003) through ProQuest .
	·	National Newspaper Index (NNI) (citations only)

 

 

For business research, try these:

 

	·	General BusinessFile ASAP (some full text)  (See sample citation below)
	·	Business Source Complete (some full text)
	·	WWD Online (full text)  Archive of articles from WWD (Women's Wear Daily).
	·	Wall Street Journal  (full text; 1984 to current) through News - ProQuest Newspapers and The Historical Wall Street Journal (full text; 1889 - 1989) through ProQuest
	·	Textile Technology Complete (TTI) (citations with abstracts, few full text)  Find articles from trade publications in the textile, apparel and home furnishings industries.
	·	Business & Marketing Magazine Index (citations only)  Produced by FIT Librarians listing articles from magazines not indexed in other databases; topics include cosmetics & toiletries, childrenswear, footwear, jewelry, and more.
	·	Regional Business News (most full text)

 

 

For art and design research:

 

	·	Architectural Index (citations only)
	·	Art Full Text (some full text) & Art Index Retrospective (citations only)  Includes art, architecture, interior design, decorative arts, fashion design, etc.
	·	DAAI: Design & Applied Arts Index (citations with abstracts only)
	·	Textile Technology Complete (TTC) (citations with abstracts, full text)  Find articles from trade publications in the textile, apparel and home furnishings industries.
	·	WWD Online (full text)  Archive of articles from WWD (Women's Wear Daily).

 

Some online periodical and newspaper index databases are specific to other topic areas.  For example:
	·	Health Reference Center Academic (some full text) and the Health and Wellness Resource Center (some full text) Also includes pamphlets and excerpts from reference books.
	·	ScienceDirect (full text for articles)

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The Digital Library also includes other types of databases with up-to-date useful information.

 

For company and industry research, try these databases:
	·	Business & Company Resource Center  (full text)
	·	Hoover’s Online  (full text)
Or try these for trade and international information and data:
	·	STAT-USA/Internet (full text)  and USA Trade Online (full text)  From the U.S. Federal Government
Or for market research, try:
	·	Mintel Reports  (full text)
	·	MRI+  (full text)
	·	SRDS Media Solutions  (full text)

 

For liberal arts topics, try these online databases:

·        Literature Resource Center  (full text)

·        TOPICsearch  (full text)

·        Twayne Authors Series  (full text)

 

For images:

	·	Fashion Designers: Index to Visual Resources in the FIT Library (citations only)  Produced by FIT Library, index to specific fashion periodicals, CD-ROMs, and videos; provides access to images of work by current fashion designers.
	·	Clipart.com [School Edition]  (images available online)
	·	Image Collection  (images available online)
	·	ARTstor  (images available online)
	·	FITDIL: FIT Digital Image Library  (images available online)  Digital images from FIT collections

       

For an online encyclopedia of visual arts, including links to images, try:

	·	Oxford Art Online (full text with images available online)
ð	Remember that you can also find images in other resources, such as picture and photography books, image collection CD-ROMs, picture files, etc.

 

For fashion forecasting research, try these online databases:

·        DonegerOnline/Doneger Creative Services

·        Fashion Snoops

·        WGSN (Worth Global Style Network)

 

ð Remember the Library also subscribes to print forecast and trend services and magazines.

 

 

Periodical Indexes:  In Print (Library, 4^th floor):

 

Print indexes provide citations to articles, not full text.  Some useful indexes are only available in print format.  Also, many print indexes provide coverage from earlier time periods than electronic indexes.  Examples of print indexes include:

·        Art Index - Print version of Art Full Text & Art Index Retrospective

·        Biography Index

·        F&S Index United States - Lists articles from business magazines for industries, companies and products.

·        Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature - Lists articles from general news &  popular magazines.  (See sample citation below.)

 

Periodical Indexes:  On CD-ROM (Library, 4^th floor):

 

Like print indexes, most CD-ROM indexes provide citations to articles, not full text. 

 

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► NOTE: Do you know the difference between: a scholarly journal, a magazine, and a trade publication?

 

CRITERIA	MAGAZINES/ NEWSPAPERS	TRADE JOURNALS/ TRADE NEWSPAPERS	SCHOLARLY JOURNALS
Also called:	CONSUMER OR POPULAR MAGAZINES	PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS	ACADEMIC, REFEREED, OR PEER REVIEWED JOURNALS
Appearance	magazines: glitzy cover; glossy paper; lots of color photos & graphics   newspapers: newsprint; photos & graphics   many advertisements	industrial/ professional motif on cover   usually glossy paper but may be newsprint; may have color photos & graphics   ads aimed at those in industry or profession	plain cover   often plain paper; if illustrated, usually graphs & charts with little color   few, if any ads
Audience	general public (often sold in stores & on newsstands)	members of specific industry or profession	scholars, researchers, students, professors
Content	usually short unsigned articles without bibliographies   written by magazine/newspaper staff or by freelance writers	short to medium length articles; rarely include bibliographies; may be signed; written by staff or contributing authors  involved in the industry or profession   industry information, news, products,  techniques, statistics; often job ads	long articles with abstracts at beginning & extensive footnotes & bibliographies; use language of the discipline; authors always indicated & are scholars/researchers in field   research projects including methodology and theory
Accountability	general editors of  magazine/newspaper review  articles	general editors of  journal review  articles; editors often have experience &/or education within  industry or profession   often published by trade association	articles reviewed by board of scholars in subject field before accepted for publication (hence, peer-reviewed); publication editors are usually scholars in field as well.   often published by  professional organization or university
Purpose	primarily to produce profit for publisher; also may be to sell ad products, entertain, promote point of view, provide information	provide news and information to people in specific industry or profession	report or inform on original research or experimentation
Other	each issue starts with page one	each issue starts with page one	continuous paging throughout issues of volume
Examples	Business Week, Newsweek, Rolling Stone, Vogue, New York Times	WWD (Women’s Wear Daily), Global Cosmetic Industry, Advertising Age	Fashion Theory, Journal of Marketing Research, Textile History

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NOTES regarding the chart above:  Within each category of periodical, there may be some variation.  For example, the popular or consumer magazines category includes both magazines with very short articles directed at the general public, such as People Magazine, and magazines with more substantial articles that are geared to a more specific and educated audience, such as The Economist, ArtNews, or Scientific American.  Also be aware that each periodical in a category may not have all of the characteristics listed for that category.

 

► Remember: Periodical and newspaper indexes may include article references from newspapers, consumer magazines, trade publications, scholarly journals, or even newsletters or newswire services.  Check your assignment or speak to your instructor about which type of resources you should use for your project. 

 

► TIP: If you have found article with full text online that you want to use, you may need to determine whether the periodical is a consumer magazine, trade, or scholarly journal without the benefit of seeing the entire print issue.  You can get some idea from looking at the article itself and using some of the above criteria. You can also examine the database in which you found the article listed. Some databases only index scholarly journals (e.g. ScienceDirect, almost entirely scholarly journals but a few trade included); others allow you to limit your search to scholarly journals (e.g. General OneFile and MasterFILE Premier).  You can also check a source which indicates the category as well as other information about periodicals, such as Ulrich’s Periodical Directory (available in the Library in print at Reference Media Books Z6941 .U5).

 

 

SEARCHING PERIODICAL AND NEWSPAPER INDEXES

 

Each periodical and newspaper index, whether online or in print, varies in the search techniques needed and options offered.  Most indexes can be searched by subject and/or keyword as well as other options (sometimes article title, author, etc.). Many online indexes also offer an advanced search option. In General BusinessFile, an online index, for example, articles can be searched by keyword search, subject search or advanced search, with optional limits by date, journal title, full text only, or peer reviewed (scholarly) journals only.  Be sure you look carefully at the index you have chosen to understand how to search it properly.  Use the printed help information in the print indexes, the online help for online indexes, or speak to a Reference Librarian for assistance.

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UNDERSTANDING CITATIONS

 

Citations from General BusinessFile ASAP (an online index):

 

GENERAL BUSINESSFILE ASAP

 

 

 

In the example above, an advanced search of “department stores” as a subject and “food” as a keyword with the 2004 date limit resulted in 39 citations to articles, the first four of which are shown here.  Typically, each article citation includes the article title with contents explanation in parenthesis (if necessary), author (if article is signed), title of magazine, newspaper or other source, publication date, volume/issue number(s), pagination, and article length.  Here, the last line in each citation indicates view options:  “Text,” “Text with graphics,” or “PDF” indicate full text with the citation is available online; “Abstract” indicates a summary of the article with the citation information is available online; “Citation” indicates only the citation is available online. 

 

► TIPS:

• When you display an article, abstract, or citation, you can see links available to articles on related subjects, to a list of subject headings, and to options for retrieval choices (print, email, saving to disk). Use the subject links to find more articles on your topic.
   
• If the article that you want is not available online in full text or if it is available but does not include the graphics that you need, you may want to check for full text on another database or check if the periodical itself is in the Library.

• To find out if the article is available in full text on another database, click on the link to 'SFX Availability' which appears under the citation on many databases or speak to a Reference Librarian.
   
• To find out if the FIT Library owns the specific magazine or newspaper, you can check StyleCat directly (under the name of the magazine, not the name of the specific article) or refer to the list Periodical Holdings Listed by Title (available in print or online through the Library web page).  If the Library receives the periodical, make a printout or fill out a call slip with the article citation, carefully copying the magazine title and date.  Take the slip(s) to the Periodicals Desk on the 6^th floor.

Citations from the print index Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature, March 1969 - February 1970, volume 29:

To find articles about the Woodstock festival of 1969 that were written at the time of the festival, try using  Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature.  Under Woodstock music and art fair is a 'see reference' directing you to the subject heading Music festivals -- New York (state).  Below is a partial list of the citations found under that heading.

 

 

Citations in print indexes include information similar to that of online indexes: the article title, sometimes with contents explanation (Here, Woodstock music and art fair has been added to each title.); the author, if known; if illustrated, an abbreviation or word indicating this, e.g., “il” for illustration, “por” for portrait; the periodical title, often abbreviated; the volume number, if any; the page number/s; and, finally, the publication date. 

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►TIP:  For help with the index, and to understand each entry and abbreviation used, consult the explanatory notes and sample entries, list of abbreviations, and list of periodicals indexed found at the beginning of the book. 

 

ð Remember that the actual texts of articles are not available in print indexes.  The citations only indicate specific articles that exist on a topic but not whether the FIT Library has the article available.  You need to check if the Library subscribes to a print version of the periodical or if the article is available full-text online on a Digital Library database.  See Tips above for more details.

 

► Also Remember:

• Periodicals cannot be checked out of the Library but you can make photocopies of the article that you need or, if it is on microfilm or microfiche, printouts.  Library staff will help you use the microfilm/fiche reader/printer.
   
• No one index covers all periodicals.  If you cannot find what you need in one database or index, try another one.  You may need to consult several to find the information you need. Speak to a Reference Librarian for help (4^th floor Reference Desk,  212-217-4400, or email http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/forms/ref_request/ask_librarian.htm).

For a more complete list of both online and print indexes available through the FIT Library, see Library’s Information Bulletin Periodical Indexes and, for the most up-to-date list of online databases, check the Digital Library.

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USING OTHER LIBRARIES

If the FIT Library does not have the book, periodical, or other resource that you need, you may want to try to find it in another library.

PUBLIC LIBRARIES

New York City is served by three public library systems:  The New York Public Library, Brooklyn Public Library, and Queens Library.

The New York Public Library (NYPL), serving Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island, is one of the world’s great library systems.  It consists of research collections (for reference only, and organized as The Research Libraries, with four major centers) and the community circulating libraries (organized as The Local Branch Libraries).

New York Public libraries:  Research Libraries

NYPL Research Libraries are:

• Humanities and Social Sciences Library, Fifth Ave. at 42^nd St., 212-930-0830
• The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, 40 Lincoln Center Plaza, 212-870-1630.  This Library has a branch library section of circulating books, recordings, etc. on performing arts.
• Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, 515 Malcolm X Blvd., 212-491-2200
• Science, Industry & Business Library (SIBL), 188 Madison Ave. between 34^th St. & 35^th St., 212-592-7000.  SIBL has a branch library section of circulating books, videos, etc.

 

Research Library collections are non-circulating and are available for on-site use only.

 

Use CATNYP online catalog (http://catnyp.nypl.org/) to look up Research Library holdings.  Some older material must be looked up in print retrospective catalogs.  For circulating books at SIBL and at the branch Library of the Performing Arts, use the LEO catalog (http://leopac.nypl.org/). 

 

► IMPORTANT:  The Research Libraries now require an ACCESS card when submitting call slips.  You can fill out the application for an ACCESS card online in advance of your visit.  See http://nypl.org/research/general/access.html for details.

 

 

New York Public libraries:  Local Branch Libraries 

 

NYPL Local Branch Libraries include:

• Mid-Manhattan Library, 455 Fifth Avenue at 40^th St., 212-340-0863; For Art, Education, Health, History, Job information Center, Literature, Picture Collection.
• Donnell Library Center, 20 W. 53rd St., 212-621-0618; For Foreign Languages book collection, Media Center, Children’s and Young Adult collections and more.
• Muhlenberg Branch, 209 W. 23rd St. near Seventh Ave., 212-924-1585; Branch closest to FIT.

 

Many of the 82 other branch libraries have collections that reflect the ethnic groups and culture of the neighborhood that surrounds them.  For example, the Chatham Square Regional Branch Library has materials both in Chinese and English on China, NYC’s Chinatown, and Chinese Americans.

 

► RESEARCH TIP:   Get your NYPL branch library card now so you have it ready when you need it.  Local Branch Libraries have circulating books and other materials that can be borrowed with a NYPL Branch Libraries’ card.  This card is free to anyone who lives, works, pays property taxes, or attends school in New York State.  Use your FIT ID card prove your connection to New York.  You may apply at any branch library; the closest to FIT is the Muhlenberg Branch at 209 W. 23rd St. near Seventh Avenue.  Check the NYPL FAQ section on library cards at http://www.nypl.org/about/faq.html#cards for details.  Your library card also allows you to place a hold online for books and/or videos you need and have them sent to your most convenient branch library.  Your card gives you remote access to selected electronic databases, many with full text, supplementing FIT’s Digital Library databases. See NYPL's "Databases and Indexes Online" at http://www.nypl.org/databases and select “Databases available from home.”

 

Use LEO online catalog (http://leopac.nypl.org/) to look up holdings in Branch Libraries, including the circulating books at SIBL and at the branch Library of the Performing Arts. 

► TIP:  If you select Expanded Search in LEO, you can simultaneously search the holdings of the Branch Libraries (LEO), the Research Libraries (CATNYP), the Brooklyn Public Library, and/or the Queens Library.

 

Brooklyn Public Library and Queens Library, although not described in detail here, are very large library systems with wonderful collections.  Check out their websites for more information.

 

►TIP:   New York Public Library branch libraries, Brooklyn Public Library, and Queens Library have reciprocal agreements which allow full borrowing privileges, including reserves and renewals, among the three library systems. For example, with your NYPL branch library card, you can borrow books and other items from the Brooklyn Public and the Queens Libraries. You must pick up the items from a library in the system that owns the materials and return borrowed items to any branch of the library system from which it was borrowed. For example, you must return items borrowed from a Brooklyn Public Library to any other Brooklyn Public Library branch; you may not return these items to an NYPL or Queens Library branch. Registration for reciprocal use may be required. 

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OTHER LIBRARIES IN NYC & ELSEWHERE

• The FIT Library belongs to a consortium of New York City regional area libraries called METRO, the Metropolitan New York Library Council.   METRO members include many academic, museum, research, and special libraries.  The Reference Faculty can issue you a METRO referral pass to visit a METRO member library for an item that is not owned by the FIT Library or the New York Public Library.  You may also apply for a METRO pass to visit a library with strong subject strength in your area of interest.  All METRO referrals are for on-site use only.  Inquire at the Reference Desk.
   
• As an FIT student, you have full access to other SUNY libraries.  You must bring your currently valid FIT ID card.  You can borrow circulating books from any SUNY library.

 

► REMEMBER:  For suggestions on which other libraries might best serve your needs, ask a Reference Librarian (4^th floor Reference Desk,  212-217-4400, or email http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/forms/ref_request/ask_librarian.htm).

 

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USING THE INTERNET

 

This section is referring to using general Web search engines, such as AltaVista, Google, or Yahoo.  For information on FIT’s subscription databases available online via the Internet, see the section above on the Digital Library.

 

The Internet can be a wonderful resource for information, especially for very up-to-date information or for very obscure topics.

 

Following are some suggestions for doing research on the Internet:

• FIT Library Internet Guides offer suggestions of specific Internet sites on a variety of subjects and can provide a good starting-point for your Internet research.  These guides are available online on the Research Guides section of the Library web page or in print in the Library on the 4^th floor.  Also available are Research Tips: Searching and Evaluating Internet Resources, Documenting Information: Formats for Bibliography and Footnotes and more.
   

• Prepare yourself to search the Internet.  Remember that searching the Internet, and searching it well, is a learned skill, just as is all library research.  You can review suggestions or try an online Internet course, such as one of those listed below, to help improve your understanding of Internet searching.  Also, remember that most search engines have instructions, usually indicated as HELP, as well as an Advanced Search option, allowing you to focus and limit your search.

          Searching and Evaluating Internet Resources

          http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/research_guides/info_bulletin/info12_searchweb.htm

          ICYouSee: A Guide to the World Wide Web

          http://www.ithaca.edu/library/training/icyousee.html

          Internet Tutorials, SUNY University at Albany

          http://www.internettutorials.net/

• Recognize that while the Internet is a huge and often outstanding resource, it also has drawbacks.  Because it is an unregulated medium, some sources are useful and reliable while others are incorrect and misleading.  Anyone, expert or not, can publish information on the Internet on any topic.  While this may also be true for printed materials, there is a selection process involved for printed materials, from the publisher that accepts the work for publication to the bookstore or library that chooses to carry the item.  When you use the Internet for your research, you must evaluate the information yourself for accuracy, currency, authority, bias, and more.  To learn how, try:

          Searching and Evaluating Internet Resources

          http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/research_guides/info_bulletin/info12_searchweb.htm

• One way to select worthy sites is to use Internet directories which include lists of sites reviewed and selected by librarians and other information specialists.  These are usually searchable and include online reference resources as well as lists of sites arranged by topic.  Try one of the following:

          Librarians’ Index to the Internet (http://lii.org/)

          Internet Public Library (http://www.ipl.org/)

          refdesk.com (http://www.refdesk.com/ )

          LibrarySpot (http://www.libraryspot.com/).

• Realize that there are other drawbacks to the Internet.  It is not always the best place to start your research and may require a large amount of time to find something that would be quicker and easier to find in a book or other source.  Some subjects have surprisingly little or no useful information available on the Internet.  Specialized resources found in a library such as the FIT Library may be better than what you find available on the Internet. 

 

► Remember that the Internet does not replace print sources.  Also, print sources are useful for verification and evaluation of Internet information.

 

► Remember that not everything is on the Internet and results from an Internet search may not be accessible to the searcher or may only be accessible for a fee.  Do not expect most books and articles to be available full text online. Remember, however, some full text articles and books are available through Digital Library databases.  

• Document your research.  If you use information from the Internet, you must cite the specific web site, just as you would cite a book or magazine article that you use.  Otherwise, you are committing plagiarism (using another person's ideas or words in your writing without acknowledging the source). Note that you must cite the date you accessed the site and the network address (URL) as well as the more typical bibliographic information (author, title, etc.).  For proper bibliographic citation format, see the example section below or consult the examples or a style guide listed in:

          Documenting Information: Formats for Bibliography and Footnotes

          http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/research_guides/info_bulletin/info_document_sources.htm

• The information available on the Internet is constantly changing.  What is here today is gone or changed tomorrow.  Write down, print, or download the information you need for accurate citations while you are using the site.  You may not find the same information on the same site, or even the site itself, next time you look for it.

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► Remember:  In the Library, Internet access is available in open computer labs: E509 (Mac) and E601 (PC).

ü	You must log-on with your FIT username and password to use most computers in the Library.  For information and questions regarding your username and password, check the FIT IT department web page at http://www3.fitnyc.edu/it or call 212-217-HELP.
ü	Be sure to log-off when you are done or others will have access to your account.
ü	Black & white and color networked printing are available from most computers.  There are charges for printing.  For information on printing fees, procedures, tips and more, consult the FIT IT Student Printing web page.  Additional printing services are available in the Library's GraphicsLAB PRINTFX, a state-of-the-art digital service bureau, Room D-529-A.
ü	It is recommended that students bring a USB flash drive (memory stick)
ü	For more information, see the Computers and Printing, Photocopying, and Scanning section above.  For a full description of the Library’s computer facilities and available computer programs, see the Computers in the Library section on the Library web page.

 

If you need help planning your research strategy or are not finding the results you want on the Internet or in other resources, consult the librarians at the Reference Desk on the 4^th floor in person or by phone at  212-217-4400 or by email at http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/forms/ref_request/ask_librarian.htm).

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Documenting Sources

 

You must use notes and citations to acknowledge the sources you have used that directly or indirectly are featured in your written work. In doing this, your three goals are to: 1) demonstrate that you have consulted “experts on the subject” and relied on “the most current and authoritative sources to build your case persuasively,” 2) give “proper credit to the sources,” and 3) inform “readers about specific books, articles, or Web sites you used so they can find additional information or verify your facts.  Incorrect or incomplete documentation means your readers will not be able to locate your sources” (Kolin 374-5). 

 

►IMPORTANT NOTE:  ALL SOURCES YOU USED MUST BE DOCUMENTED.  Avoid plagiarism, using another person's ideas or words in your writing without acknowledging the source.  Identify every source, in every format, that you used for your research whether it provided you with ideas, facts, opinions or exact wording and paraphrasing.   Note that you do not need to acknowledge information that is considered "common knowledge" even if you happened to see it in a written source; an example of "common knowledge" is "Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States." If you are not sure whether an item should be on your "List of Works Consulted," err on the side of caution and include it.

 

All examples and citations in this Guide are written MLA style, according to the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (6^th edition) by Joseph Gibaldi. There is a copy of the MLA Handbook in the Library’s Reference Stacks, LB2369 .G53 2003.  The book contains detailed explanations on MLA style, with more examples and variations than in this guide. It is possible that your instructor may prefer, however, a different style than MLA, such as APA or Chicago Style.  The important thing to remember is to choose one style, using it consistently to document sources, both within the paper and in your “List of Works Consulted.”  For more, including details on other styles, consult the Style Manuals section below and/or the Library’s Information Bulletin Documenting Information: Formats for Bibliography and Footnotes in print or online through the Library web page.

 

DOCUMENTING SOURCES WITHIN THE BODY OF THE PAPER

 

Within the body of the paper, parenthetical references should appear immediately following a direct quote, paraphrase or summary of information that you used from someone else’s work. 

 

Each citation within the body of the paper includes the following enclosed in parentheses: the author or, if no author is given, a short form of the title (beginning with first word of title), and the page number(s), if available, where the information was found. If the author's name is included in the text (see below), do not repeat it in the parentheses; include only the page number.  Place the parenthetical citation immediately following a quote or at a logical break or at the end of a sentence. Parenthetical references are designed to give enough brief information to lead the reader to the more complete citation of the sources in the "List of Works Consulted."  Instructors of a particular course may prefer the use of footnotes or endnotes; check with your instructor.

 

Examples of Citations Within the Body of the Paper:

 

Direct quote:

Marshall Field has an extensive private label program, with five labels in men's wear alone. Store management believes that "separate and distinctive labels are the best approach to identify different categories of its men's wear offerings" (Diamond and Pintel 282).

 

Direct quote with author's name in text:

Marshall Field has an extensive private label program, with five labels in men's wear alone. According to Jay Diamond and Gerald Pintel, store management believes that "separate and distinctive labels are the best approach to identify different categories of its men's wear offerings" (282).

 

Summary:

The Gap, as a large and influential retail store chain, has been leveraging its power to negotiate mall real estate deals that once would have been considered unusual (Edelson).

 

Paraphrase:

The former women's department manager at Valley Stream spoke about the warmth and camaraderie among Alexander's employees, and cited herself as an example of job advancement opportunities at the store (Schemo B8).

 

►Remember: For more information about and examples of citations, consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers by Joseph Gibaldi (Reference Stacks LB 2369 .G53 2003).

 

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DOCUMENTING SOURCES IN A “LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED”

 

Entries for all the sources you found useful for preparing your paper must appear in a "List of Works Consulted" at the end of your paper.

 

► NOTE: The “List of Works Consulted” must include the complete citations for everything you cited parenthetically within the body of your paper.   Also include other sources you used as background research but did not quote or refer to directly.

 

There are several other names used for the list of sources, including Bibliography, List of Sources, and Works Cited.

  

Below is an example of a “List of Works Consulted,” using MLA style.

 

► NOTE:  All listings are interfiled alphabetically by the first word of citation (usually author or title).  Do not separate the list by type of material; all types (books, magazine articles, web sites, etc.) are included in one alphabetical list.

 

 

Works Consulted Clausen, Meredith L. “Department Stores.” Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, 2004. 30 August 2004 <http://www.oxfordartonline.com/>. Diamond, Jay, and Gerald Pintel. Retail Buying. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:  Prentice Hall, 1997. Edelson, Sharon. "Powerhouse Gap Inc. Flexing Muscle to Get Special Deals in Malls." WWD. 22 June 1998. WWD Online. Fairchild Publications. Fashion Institute of Technology Library, New York. 14 Dec. 1999  <http://wwd.com/archive/home.htm>.   Federated Department Stores. What’s in a Name? 2003 Annual Report. Cincinnati: Federated Department Stores. 15 September 2004 <http://www.fds.com/ir/vote/2003_ar.pdf>. Freeman, Laurie. "Clover: Designed for Security." Stores March 1992: 42-43. Jarnow, Jeannette A., and Miriam Guerreiro. Inside the Fashion Business: Text and Readings. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1991.  Lauren, Ralph. Personal interview. 18 Sept. 1996. Pogoda, Dianne M. "K Mart: Putting Fashion Up Front." Women's Wear Daily 29 June 1992: 4-5. Schemo, Diana J. "Facing Life after Alexander's." New York Times 25 June 1992, late ed: B1, 8. United States. Dept. of Commerce. Census Bureau. Annual Benchmark Report for Retail Trade and Food Services: January 1992 Through February 2004. Current Business Reports BR/03-A. March 2004.  22 October 2004 <http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/br03-a.pdf>. The Woolworths: Five and Dime Fortune and Failure. Prod. Bob Jaffe, Rick Davis, and Geraldine Hugo. Writ. Geraldine Hugo. Videocassette. A&E Television Network, distr. New Video Group, 1997.

 

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CITATION EXAMPLES FOR DIFFERENT FORMATS (using MLA style) :

 

 

BOOKS AND REPORTS:

 

Single author:

Barmash, Isadore. Macy's for Sale. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989.  

Two or three authors:

Mahoney, Tom, and Leonard Sloane. The Great Merchants: America's Foremost Retail Institutions and the People Who Made Them Great. New and enl. ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

More than three authors:

Still, Richard R., et al. Sales Management: Decisions, Strategies, and Cases.  5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988.

ð Note:  If you prefer, you may list all the authors in the order they appear on the title page.

 

Corporate author (Annual Report):

Eli Lilly and Company. Delivering Innovation: Annual Report 2002. Indianapolis: Eli Lilly and Company, 2003.

ð Note:  If you used the electronic version of this annual report (available on the company's website), cite it as follows:

 

Eli Lilly and Company. Delivering Innovation: Annual Report 2002. Indianapolis: Eli Lilly and Company, 2003. 27 Sept. 2004 <http://lilly.com/investor/annual_report/lillyar2002complete.pdf>

Edited collection:

Dertouzos, Michael L., and Joel Moses, eds. The Computer Age: A Twenty-Year View.  Cambridge,   MA: MIT, 1979.

Unknown author:

The Idealizing Vision: the Art of Fashion Photography. New York: Aperture, 1991.

 

Statistical Fact Book: Current Information about Direct Marketing and Direct Response Advertising. New York: Direct Marketing Association, 1992.

Article in a Reference Book:

 

ð Note:  According to the MLA Handbook, section 5.6.8, specific publication information is not required for “familiar reference books, especially those that frequently appear in new editions” (Gibaldi 161).  See the following two examples; the third example below, in contrast, is not from a "familiar reference book" and requires a more complete reference.

 

Gundersen, Joan R. “Colonial Life in America.”  The World Book Encyclopedia. 2000 ed.

 

“Fashion.” The Oxford English Dictionary. 2^nd ed. 1989.

 

Mollica, Robert. “Assisted Living.” Encyclopedia of Aging. Ed. by David J. Ekerdt. 4 vols. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002.

ð Note:   If you used the FIT Library’s electronic version of this book, cite it as follows:

 

Mollica, Robert. “Assisted Living.” Encyclopedia of Aging. Ed. by David J. Ekerdt. 4 vols. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. 10 August 2004 <http://www.netlibrary.com/>.

Government document:

United States. Dept. of Labor. Employment and Training Administration. U.S. Employment Service. Dictionary of Occupational Titles. 4th ed., rev. 1991. Washington: The Administration, 1991.

 

PERIODICAL AND NEWSPAPER ARTICLES:

Magazine article in weekly or biweekly magazine: 

Glastris, Paul. “The New Way to Get Rich.” U.S. News & World Report 7 May 1990:26-36.

 

Magazine article in monthly or bimonthly magazine:  

Dolnick, Edward. “What Dreams Are (Really) Made Of.” Atlantic July 1990: 41-61.

 

Newspaper article, unknown author: 

“E-commerce Concerns Select New Agencies.” New York Times 1 June 1999, late ed.: C12.

 

“A Lesson from Lancôme.” Women’s Wear Daily 24 July 1992: 8.

 

Newspaper article with author:  

Lewis, Peter H. “Digital Dressing Rooms and Other New Twists.” New York Times 22 Sept. 1999, late ed.: G4+.

Editorial:

“Stepping Backward.” Editorial. Los Angeles Times 4 July 1989, pt. 2: 6.

 

ð Note: A similar format is used for "Letters to the Editor," which would be indicated by "Letter" instead of "Editorial" and the author’s name instead of, or before, the title.

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INTERVIEWS AND OTHER SOURCES:

For many formats other than printed materials (e.g. videos, DVDs, interviews), it is necessary to indicate the format in the citation.

Videotapes, films, etc.:

The Business Plan: Your Road Map for Success. Sponsored by the U.S. Small Business Administration. Videocassette. Bell Atlantic, 1990.

Calvin Klein: A Stylish Obsession. Videocassette. ABC News and A&E Networks, 1997.

 

Published or broadcast interview:

Morrison, Toni. Interview. All Things Considered. National Public Radio. WNYC, New York. 16 Feb.1986.

 

Personally conducted interview:

Klein, Calvin. Personal interview. 22 July 2003.

 

ð Note: Include a short description or affiliation if the interviewee is not well known, as in the two examples below.

 

Chin, Barbara. Professor of International Trade, Northwest College. Personal interview. 17 August 1999.

 

Silwick, Martin.  CEO, Emerson Computers.  Personal interview. 10 October 2000.

 

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ELECTRONIC SOURCES:

 

► REMEMBER:  If you use information from an electronic source, including the Internet, you must cite the source or specific web site, just as you would cite a book or magazine article that you use.  Otherwise, you are committing plagiarism (using another person's ideas or words in your writing without acknowledging the source).

 

Although citations of electronic sources follow the same general form as printed sources, there are two notable differences.

 

 1) Dates - A citation to an electronic work often requires more than one date. Include:  a) the original print publication date, if available, for works that are also offered in printed format; b) the electronic publication date, if provided; and c) the date you accessed the work, if source is online.  Remember that information given online may change overnight and, therefore, you need to indicate the exact date that you looked at each online resource. CD-ROM citations do not need access dates.  You may have up to three dates in a single citation (see "Online Book" example below).

 

2) Network address - Citations to online sources need to include the network address (URL), enclosed in angle brackets. If the URL for a specific page is exceptionally long, you may use the site's search or main page address as the URL to reduce the chance for error in accessing the page.  For example, use <http://www.astm.org/> instead of 

<http://www.astm.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/STORE/filtrexx40.cgi?U+mystore+xhsg3802+-L+BODY:MEASUREMENTS+/usr6/htdocs/astm.org/DATABASE.CART/REDLINE_PAGES/D6458.htm>

 

Many electronic publications do not supply all the desired information for bibliographic citations. Include in your references as much information as you can find.  Below are several examples based on Section 5.9  “Citing Electronic Publications” of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (6^th edition).  Refer to the MLA Handbook for additional explanation and examples.

 

Website: (general)

CNN.com. 2004. Cable News Network. 20 December 2004 <http://www.cnn.com>.

 

ð Note: This is the general format used to cite an entire website. Often you will want to cite just a section that you have seen, perhaps a specific article or entry, a chapter in an online book, etc. See the examples below for more specific citation formats to use.

 

Online Information Database:

ApparelNet: The Online Guide for the Apparel Industry. 1998. ApparelNet, Inc. 11 July 1999 <http://www.apparel.net/>.

Document within an Online Information Database:

“Reebok International Ltd.”  Hoover’s Online.  2004.  Hoover’s, Inc.  27 Sept. 2004 <http://www.hoovers.com/capsules/11266.html>.

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Works from Online Subscription Services:

Online subscription services are usually of two types:  library subscription (e.g., InfoTrac) and personal subscription (e.g., America Online).  Use this format to cite material from an online subscription service where the network address for the accessed material is that of the service rather than the material itself. [If network address is that of the accessed material, follow other examples in this section.]    See the following three examples.

 

Article in Periodical or Newspaper from Online Library Subscription Service:

 

	Labich, Kenneth. “Attention Shoppers: This Man is Watching You.” Fortune 19 July 1999: 13+. GeneralBusinessFile ASAP. Gale. Fashion Institute of Technology Library, New York. 11 Aug. 1999 <http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/fitsuny>.
	Socha, Miles, et al.  “What Price Creativity? With Wall Street a Factor, Design is ‘Public’ Affair.”  WWD.  18 Feb. 1999.  WWD Online.  Fairchild Publications.  Fashion Institute of Technology Library, New York. 23 Nov. 1999 <http://wwd.com/>.

 

 

 Work from Online Personal Subscription Service:

"Cloning."  BioTech’s Life and Science Dictionary.  30 June 1998.  Indiana University.  America Online.  4 July 1998.  Path: Research and Learning; Science; Biology; Biotechnology Dictionary.

 

Online Professional or Personal Site:

Pitts, Richard.  Home page.  17 Nov. 1999 <http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/artpitts>.  

 

Romance Languages and Literatures Home Page.  Sept. 1998.  Dept. of Romance Languages and Literatures, University of Chicago. 8 July 1999 <http://humanities.uchicago.edu/romance>.

 

Online Book:

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields, 1850. New Bartleby Library. Ed. by Steven H. van Leeuwen. July 1999. 11 Nov. 1999 <http://www.bartleby.com/83/index.html>.

 

ð Note: Three different dates are needed and given in this citation: the original print publication date, 1850; the electronic publication date, July 1999; and the access date, 11 Nov. 1999, as mentioned in the introduction to the “Electronic Sources” section, above.

 

An example of a citation to an article in an online reference book is available in the "Books and Reports" section above.

 

Online Government Publication:

United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service.  NAFTA. International Agriculture and Trade Reports, Situation and Outlook Series.  WRS-99-1.  Coordinated by John Link and Steven Zahniser.  Aug. 1999.  10 Nov. 1999 <http://www.econ.ag.gov/>.

 

Online Annual Report:

Eli Lilly and Company. Delivering Innovation: Annual Report 2002. Indianapolis: Eli Lilly and Company, 2003. 27 Sept. 2004 <http://lilly.com/investor/annual_report/lillyar2002complete.pdf>

 

See citation to a printed annual report in "Books and Reports" section.

 

Online Posting:

Reis, Cynthia.  “Scully’s Ghostly Visitors over the Years.”  Online posting.  15 Nov. 1999.  Alt.tv.x-files. 17 Nov. 1999  <http://www.deja.com/group/alt.tv.x-files>.

 

Publications on CD-ROM:

International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary.  6^th ed.  CD-ROM.  Washington, D.C.: Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, 1995.  

 

E-Mail Communication:

Boyle, Anthony T.  “Re: Utopia.”  E-mail to Daniel J. Cahill.  21 June 1997.

 

u Remember:  For more information about and examples of citations, consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers by Joseph Gibaldi (Reference Stacks LB 2369 .G53 2003) or consult the Library’s Information Bulletin Documenting Information: Formats for Bibliography and Footnotes available in print or online through the Library web page. 
 

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STYLE MANUALS

 

There are several commonly-used, widely-accepted formats for citing materials used in research. The specific examples given in this Guide follow the MLA style, but your instructor or academic department may favor a different style; use whichever style is required or recommended. Whichever one you choose, follow the style consistently; don’t use one style for books and a different one, for example, for online resources.
 

For more about style manuals, refer also to the Library’s Information Bulletin Documenting Information: Formats for Bibliography and Footnotes available in print or online through the Library web page. This bulletin includes a list of manuals, both online and in print, for other citation styles, such as the APA style and Chicago style.  Below are several online style manual links.

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Online Style Manuals:

Online style manuals are very varied; some are dedicated to only one citation style while others show examples of several different styles; some are specialized to show only formats for specific trickier online materials while others include citation examples for all types of materials.  [Note these items are not cited in MLA style.]

 

APA Style   http://www.apastyle.org/
           See sections “APA Style Tips,” “Electronic References,” and “FAQs.”

Chicago Manual of Style Online   http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/
           See  “Tools” section for examples.

Columbia Guide to Online Style 2nd Edition  http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos2006/basic.html

The Learning Page: How to Cite Electronic Source   http://memory.loc.gov/learn/start/cite/index.html

            Includes examples for interesting material formats (maps, illustrations, photographs, sound recordings, films, etc.)

Online! Citation Styles  http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/citex.html  

            Detailed examples in MLA, APA, Chicago, and other formats

What Is MLA Style?  http://www.mla.org/style

           See the FAQ section for some specific examples in MLA style.

 

 

 

u A FINAL NOTE: REMEMBER that the quality of your research paper or project depends directly on the quality of your research.  Learning how to research is a process and will teach you skills that will serve you well in your career after college. We want you to become successful, skillful, and independent but you are in college to learn.  Do not hesitate to ask for help!  Consult a Reference Librarian in person at the 4^th floor Reference Desk, by phone 212-217-4400, or by email http://www3.fitnyc.edu/library/forms/ref_request/ask_librarian.htm).

 

 

Works Consulted for this Guide

 

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6^th ed. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2003.

Hacker, Diane. A Pocket Style Manual. 4th ed.  Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2004.

Kolin, Philip C. Successful Writing at Work. 7^th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004.

Raimes, Ann. Exploring Through Writing: A Process Approach to ESL Composition. 2^nd ed. New York: St. Martin's, 1992.

Turabian, Kate L.  A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. 6^th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

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